According to neoclassical price-determination theory and game theory, the independence of suppliers forces prices to their minimum, increasing efficiency and decreasing the price determining ability of each individual firm.

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In this picture sometimes the competition authorities are viewing some moving parts and start the investigations.

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Although at first glance things seem to be so, in absence of evidences, classical “smoking gun”, is difficult to conclude in this way and a methodical approach in terms of rule of reason can prove otherwise.

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Even some facts apparently fall under per se illegality rule, our people have enough experience to demonstrate the opposite.